Life list for Stephen Spear

Life list for Stephen Spear

Families

41

Genera

110

Species

202

Subspecies

12

Caecilians

Neotropical and Tropical African Caecilians - Dermophiidae

Mexican Caecilians

Dermophis

Central Pacific Caecilian

Dermophis occidentalis

Taylor, 1955

Crocodilians

Alligators and Caimans - Alligatoridae

Alligators

Alligator

American Alligator

Alligator mississippiensis

(DAUDIN), 1801

Frogs and Toads

True Toads - Bufonidae

Northern American Toads

Anaxyrus

American Toad

Anaxyrus americanus

Holbrook, 1836

Eastern American Toad

Anaxyrus americanus americanus

Holbrook, 1836

Say, 1823

Girard, 1854

Hinckley, 1882

Anaxyrus terrestris

Girard, 1789

Woodhouse's Toad

Anaxyrus woodhousii

Girard, 1854

Central American Toads

Girard, 1859

Incilius melanochlorus

Cope, 1877

Neotropical Smooth Toads

Rhaebo

Truando Toad

Rhaebo haematiticus

Cope, 1862

Glass Frogs - Centrolenidae

Cochran Frogs

Cochranella

Grainy Cochran Frog

Cochranella granulosa

Taylor, 1949

Espada's Glass Frogs

Espadarana

Nicaragua Giant Glass Frog

Espadarana prosoblepon

(Boettger), 1892

Monstrous Glass Frogs

Teratohyla

Chiriqui Glass Frog

Teratohyla pulverata

Peters, 1873

Fleshbelly Frogs - Craugastoridae

Northern Rain Frogs

Craugastor

Isla Bonita Robber Frog

Craugastor crassidigitus

Taylor, 1952

Veragua Rain Frog

Craugastor rugosus

(Peters), 1873

Poison Frogs - Dendrobatidae

Poison Frogs

Dendrobates

Green and Black Poison Dart Frog

Dendrobates auratus

Girard, 1855

Egg-feeding Poison Frogs

Oophaga

Granular Poison Frog

Oophaga granulifera

Taylor, 1958

Golden Poison Frogs

Phyllobates

Golfodulcean Poison Frog

Phyllobates vittatus

Cope, 1893

Rocket Frogs

Silverstoneia

Rainforest Rocket Frog

Silverstoneia flotator

Dunn, 1931

Rain Frogs - Eleutherodactylidae

Robber Frogs

Eleutherodactylus

Cliff Chirping Frog

Eleutherodactylus marnockii

Cope, 1878

Shiny Peeping Frog

Eleutherodactylus nitidus

Peters, 1870

Treefrogs - Hylidae

Cricket Frogs

Acris

Blanchard's Cricket Frog

Acris blanchardi

Harper, 1947

Northern Cricket Frog

Acris crepitans

Baird, 1854

Southern Cricket Frog

LeConte, 1825

Boana

(Boulenger), 1898

Dendropsophus ebraccatus

Cope, 1874

North American Treefrogs

Dryophytes

Pine Barrens Treefrog

Dryophytes andersonii

(Baird), 1854

Cope's Gray Treefrog

Dryophytes chrysoscelis

(Cope), 1880

Gray Treefrog Complex

Dryophytes chrysoscelis / versicolor

Green Treefrog

Dryophytes cinereus

(Schneider), 1799

Pine Woods Treefrog

Dryophytes femoralis

(Daudin), 1800

Barking Treefrog

Dryophytes gratiosus

(LeConte), 1856

Gray Treefrog

Dryophytes versicolor

(LeConte), 1825

Chorus Frogs

Pseudacris

Spring Peeper

Pseudacris crucifer

Wied-Neuwied, 1838

Upland Chorus Frog

Pseudacris feriarum

Baird, 1854

Boreal Chorus Frog

Pseudacris maculata

Agassiz, 1850

LeConte, 1825

Holbrook, 1836

Pseudacris triseriata

Wied-Neuwied, 1838

Snouted Treefrogs

Scinax

Boulenger's Snouted Treefrog

Scinax boulengeri

Cope, 1887

Cross-banded Treefrogs

Cope, 1862

Duellman & Trueb, 1966

Drab Treefrog

Smilisca sordida

Peters, 1863

Tropical Frogs - Leptodactylidae

Dwarf Foam Frogs

Engystomops

Tungara Frog

Engystomops pustulosus

Cope, 1864

White-lipped Frogs

Leptodactylus

Savage's Thin-toed Frog

Leptodactylus savagei

Heyer, 2005

Narrow-mouthed Toads - Microhylidae

American Narrowmouth Toads

Gastrophryne

Eastern Narrowmouth Toad

Gastrophryne carolinensis

Holbrook, 1836

Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad

Gastrophryne olivacea

Hallowell, 1857

Monkey Frogs - Phyllomedusidae

Leaf Frogs

Agalychnis

Red-eyed Tree Frog

Agalychnis callidryas

Cope, 1862

True Frogs - Ranidae

American Water Frogs

Lithobates

American Bullfrog

Lithobates catesbeianus

Shaw, 1802

Green Frog

Lithobates clamitans

Latreille, 1801

Pig Frog

Lithobates grylio

Stejneger, 1901

Pickerel Frog

Lithobates palustris

LeConte, 1825

Northern Leopard Frog

Lithobates pipiens

Schreber, 1782

Mink Frog

Lithobates septentrionalis

Baird, 1854

Southern Leopard Frog

Lithobates sphenocephalus

Cope, 1886

Wood Frog

Lithobates sylvaticus

LeConte, 1825

Eurasian Water Frogs

Pelophylax

Pool Frog

Pelophylax lessonae

Camerano, 1882

True Frogs

Rana

Red-legged Frog

Rana aurora

Baird & Girard, 1852

North American Spadefoot Toads - Scaphiopodidae

Eastern Spadefoot Toads

Scaphiopus

Couch's Spadefoot Toad

Scaphiopus couchii

Baird, 1854

Lizards

Lateral Fold Lizards - Anguidae

Western Alligator Lizards

Elgaria

Madrean Alligator Lizard

GRAY, 1838

Ophisaurus ventralis

(LINNAEUS), 1766

Casque-headed Lizards - Corytophanidae

Basilisks

Basiliscus

Common Basilisk

Basiliscus basiliscus

Linnaeus, 1758

Helmeted Iguanas

Corytophanes

Smooth Helmeted Iguana

Corytophanes cristatus

Merrem, 1821

Anoles - Dactyloidae

Anoles

Anolis

Water Anole

Anolis aquaticus

Taylor, 1956

Neotropical Green Anole

Wiegmann, 1834

Peters, 1863

Anolis carolinensis

Voigt, 1832

Northern Green Anole

Anolis carolinensis carolinensis

Voigt, 1832

Cope, 1862

Peters, 1874

Geckos & Legless Lizards - Gekkonidae

Leaf-toed Geckos

Hemidactylus

Asian House Gecko

Hemidactylus frenatus

Schlegel, 1836

Mediterranean House Gecko

Hemidactylus turcicus

Linnaeus, 1758

Spectacled Lizards - Gymnophthalmidae

Loxopholis Microteiids

Loxopholis

South's Root Lizard

Loxopholis southi

(RUTHVEN & GAIGE(, 1924

Woodlizards and Clubtails - Hoplocercidae

Dwarf Iguanas

Enyalioides

Bocourt's Dwarf Iguana

Enyalioides heterolepis

Bocourt, 1874

North American Iguanids - Phrynosomatidae

Earless Lizards

Cophosaurus

Greater Earless Lizard

Cophosaurus texanus

Troschel, 1850

Horned Lizards

Phrynosoma

Texas Horned Lizard

Phrynosoma cornutum

Harlan, 1825

Gray, 1845

Sceloporus graciosus

Baird & Girard, 1852

Yarrow's Spiny Lizard

Sceloporus jarrovii

Cope, 1875

Western Fence Lizard

Sceloporus occidentalis

Baird & Girard, 1852

Crevice Spiny Lizard

Sceloporus poinsettii

Baird & Girard, 1852

Eastern Fence Lizard

Sceloporus undulatus

Bosc & Daudin, 1801

Striped Plateau Lizard

Sceloporus virgatus

Smith, 1938

Geckos - Phyllodactylidae

Turniptail Geckos

Thecadactylus

Turniptail Gecko

Thecadactylus rapicauda

Houttuyn, 1782

Bush Anoles - Polychrotidae

Bush Anoles

Polychrus

Berthold's Bush Anole

Polychrus gutturosus

Berthold, 1846

Skinks - Scincidae

Toothy Skinks

Plestiodon

Common Five-lined Skink

Plestiodon fasciatus

Linnaeus, 1758

Southeastern Five-lined Skink

Plestiodon inexpectatus

Taylor, 1932

Cope, 1893

Scincella lateralis

Say, 1823

Geckos - Sphaerodactylidae

American Geckos

Gonatodes

Yellow-headed Gecko

Gonatodes albogularis

DumÉril & Bibron, 1836

Tegus - Teiidae

Whiptails

Aspidoscelis

Common Spotted Whiptail

Aspidoscelis gularis

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1852

Middle American Ameivas

Holcosus

Middle American Ameiva

Holcosus festivus

LICHTENSTEIN, 1856

Salamanders

Mole Salamanders - Ambystomatidae

Mole Salamanders

Ambystoma

Jefferson Salamander

Ambystoma jeffersonianum

Green, 1827

Blue-spotted Salamander

Ambystoma laterale

Hallowell, 1856

Spotted Salamander

Ambystoma maculatum

Shaw, 1802

Marbled Salamander

Ambystoma opacum

Gravenhorst, 1807

American Giant Salamanders

Dicamptodon

Pacific Giant Salamander

Dicamptodon tenebrosus

Baird & Girard, 1852

Giant Salamanders - Cryptobranchidae

Hellbenders

Cryptobranchus

Hellbender

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

Daudin, 1803

Eastern Hellbender

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis

Daudin, 1803

Lungless Salamanders - Plethodontidae

Slender Salamanders

Batrachoseps

Santa Lucia Mountains Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps luciae

Jockusch, Wake & Yanev, 2001

Oregon Slender Salamander

Batrachoseps wrighti

Bishop, 1937

Tropical climbing salamanders

Bolitoglossa

Camron Mushroom-tongue Salamander

Bolitoglossa lignicolor

Peters, 1873

Dusky Salamanders

Desmognathus

Seepage Salamander

Desmognathus aeneus

Brown & Bishop, 1947

Spotted Dusky Salamander

Desmognathus conanti

Rossman, 1958

Dusky Salamander

Desmognathus fuscus

(Green), 1801

Shovel-nosed Salamander

Desmognathus marmoratus

(Moore), 1899

Ocoee Salamander

Desmognathus ocoee

Nicholls, 1949

Blue Ridge Dusky Salamander

Desmognathus orestes

Tilley & Mahoney, 1996

Black-bellied Salamander

Desmognathus quadramaculatus

Holbrook, 1840

Pygmy Salamander

Desmognathus wrighti

King, 1936

Ensatinas

Ensatina

Ensatina

Ensatina eschscholtzii

Gray, 1850

American Brook Salamanders

Eurycea

Southern Two-lined Salamander

Eurycea cirrigera

Green, 1831

Three-lined Salamander

Eurycea guttolineata

Holbrook, 1838

Long-tailed Salamander

Eurycea longicauda

Green, 1818

Long-tailed Salamander

Eurycea longicauda longicauda

Green, 1818

Four-toed Salamanders

Hemidactylium

Four-toed Salamander

Hemidactylium scutatum

Temminck & Schlegel, 1838

Worm Salamanders

Oedipina

Allen's Worm Salamander

Oedipina alleni

Taylor, 1954

Pacific Slope

Oedipina pacificensis

Taylor, 1952

Woodland Salamanders

Plethodon

Chattahoochee Slimy Salamander

Plethodon chattahoochee

Highton, 1989

Eastern Red-backed Salamander

Plethodon cinereus

Green, 1818

Northern Ravine Salamander

Plethodon electromorphus

Highton, 1999

Northern Slimy Salamander

Plethodon glutinosus

Green, 1818

Metcalf's Salamander

Plethodon metcalfi

Brimley, 1912

Northern Gray-cheeked Salamander

Plethodon montanus

Highton & Peabody, 2000

Red-legged Salamander

Plethodon shermani

Stejneger, 1906

Yonahlosse Salamander

Plethodon yonahlossee

Dunn, 1917

Sonnini de Manoncourt & Latreille, et al., 1801

Olms and Waterdogs - Proteidae

Mudpuppies and Waterdogs

Rafinesque, 1818

Gibbes, 1850

Olympic Salamanders - Rhyacotritonidae

Olympic Salamanders

Rhyacotriton

Cascades Salamander

Rhyacotriton cascadae

Good & Wake, 1992

Newts and Fire Salamanders - Salamandridae

Red-spotted Newts

Notophthalmus

Eastern Newt

Notophthalmus viridescens

Rafinesque, 1820

Red-spotted Newt

Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens

Rafinesque, 1820

Snakes

Boas and Anacondas - Boidae

Boa

Linnaeus, 1758

Ruschenberger's Tree Boa

Corallus ruschenbergerii

(COPE), 1875

Advanced Snakes - Colubridae

Rusty-headed Snake

Amastridium

Rusty-headed Snake

Amastridium veliferum

Cope, 1860

Say, 1825

Blumenbach, 1788

Clelia

(DAUDIN), 1803

Coluber

Coluber constrictor

Linnaeus, 1758

Forest Racers

Dendrophidion

South American Forest Racer

Dendrophidion percarinatum

(COPE), 1893

Ringneck Snakes

Diadophis

Ringneck Snake

Diadophis punctatus

Linnaeus, 1766

Northern Ringneck Snake

Diadophis punctatus edwardsii

(MERREM), 1820

(HOLBROOK), 1842

Eastern Hognose Snake

Heterodon platirhinos

LATREILLE, 1801

Central American Tree Snakes

(LINNAEUS), 1758

Imantodes inornatus

(BOULENGER), 1896

King Snakes & Milk Snakes

Lampropeltis

Scarlet Kingsnake

Lampropeltis elapsoides

(HOLBROOK), 1840

Common Kingsnake

Lampropeltis getula

(LINNAEUS), 1766

Desert Kingsnake

Lampropeltis splendida

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1853

Milksnake Complex

Lampropeltis triangulum

(LACÉPÈDE), 1789

Cat-eyed Snakes

Leptodeira

Cat-eyed Snake

Leptodeira septentrionalis

(KENNICOTT), 1859

Parrot Snakes

Leptophis

Parrot Snake

Leptophis ahaetulla

(LINNAEUS), 1758

Liodytes species

Liodytes

Striped Crayfish Snake

(GARMAN), 1874

Masticophis flagellum

(SHAW), 1802

Tropical Racers

Mastigodryas

Dark Tropical Racer

Mastigodryas melanolomus

(COPE), 1868

Water Snakes

Nerodia

Plain-bellied Water Snake

Nerodia erythrogaster

(FORSTER), 1771

(LINNAEUS), 1766

(LINNAEUS), 1758

Lake Erie Water Snake

Nerodia sipedon insularum

(CONANT & CLAY), 1937

Northern Water Snake

Nerodia sipedon sipedon

(LINNAEUS), 1758

Brown Water Snake

Nerodia taxispilota

(HOLBROOK), 1838

(LINNAEUS), 1766

(WAGLER), 1824

Calico False Coral Snake

Oxyrhopus petolarius

(LINNAEUS), 1758

North American Ratsnakes

Pantherophis

Eastern Foxsnake

Pantherophis gloydi

Conant, 1940

Corn Snake

Pantherophis guttatus

(LINNAEUS), 1766

Black Ratsnake Complex

Pantherophis obsoletus

(SAY), 1823

Western Foxsnake

Pantherophis vulpinus

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1853

Gopher Snakes

Pituophis

Gopher Snake

Pituophis catenifer

(BLAINVILLE), 1835

Blood Snakes

Stenorrhina

Degenhardt's Scorpion-eating Snake

Stenorrhina degenhardtii

(BERTHOLD), 1846

(HOLBROOK), 1842

Storeria occipitomaculata

STORER, 1839

Centipede Snakes

Tantilla

Southeastern Crowned Snake

Tantilla coronata

BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

Plains Blackhead Snake

Tantilla nigriceps

KENNICOTT, 1860

Yaqui Blackhead Snake

Tantilla yaquia

SMITH, 1942

Garter Snakes

Thamnophis

Western Terrestrial Garter Snake

Thamnophis elegans

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1853

Checkered Garter Snake

Thamnophis marcianus

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1853

Plains Garter Snake

Thamnophis radix

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1853

Eastern Ribbon Snake

Thamnophis saurita

(LINNAEUS), 1766

Common Garter Snake

Thamnophis sirtalis

(LINNAEUS), 1758

Puget Sound Garter Snake

Thamnophis sirtalis pickeringii

(BAIRD & GIRARD), 1853

Eastern Garter Snake

Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis

(LINNAEUS), 1758

Lyre Snakes

Trimorphodon

Western Lyre Snake

Trimorphodon biscutatus

(DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL), 1854

BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

Pythons - Pythonidae

Common Pythons

Python

Burmese Python

Python bivittatus

Kuhl, 1820

Vipers - Viperidae

Moccasins

Agkistrodon

Copperhead

Agkistrodon contortrix

Linnaeus, 1766

Cottonmouth

Agkistrodon piscivorus

Lacepede, 1789

Palm Pit Vipers

Bothriechis

Eyelash Viper

Bothriechis schlegelii

Berthold, 1846

Garman, 1883

Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

Baird & Girard, 1853

Linnaeus, 1758

Kennicott, 1861

Western black-tailed Rattlesnake

Crotalus molossus

Baird & Girard, 1853

Mohave rattlesnake

Crotalus scutulatus

Kennicott, 1861

Kennicott, 1859

White-tailed Hognose Viper

Porthidium porrasi

LAMAR, 2003

Turtles

Snapping Turtles - Chelydridae

Snapping Turtles

Chelydra

Common Snapping Turtle

Chelydra serpentina

Linnaeus, 1758

Pond Turtles - Emydidae

Schneider, 1783

Clemmys

Schneider, 1792

Emydoidea blandingii

Holbrook, 1838

Map Turtles

Graptemys

Common Map Turtle

Graptemys geographica

LeSueur, 1817

Ouachita Map Turtle

Graptemys ouachitensis

Cagle, 1953

Linnaeus, 1758

Terrapene carolina carolina

Linnaeus, 1758

Agassiz, 1857

Thunberg, 1792

Pond, River and Wood Turtles - Geoemydidae

Neotropical Wood Turtles

Rhinoclemmys

Black Wood Turtle

Rhinoclemmys funerea

Cope, 1876

American Mud Turtles and Musk Turtles - Kinosternidae

American Mud Turtles

Kinosternon

White-lipped Mud Turtle

Kinosternon leucostomum

DumÉril, Bibron & DumÉril, 1851

Common Mud Turtle

Kinosternon subrubrum

Bonnaterre, 1789

Musk Turtles

Sternotherus

Eastern Musk Turtle

Sternotherus odoratus

Latreille, 1801

Tortoises - Testudinidae

North American Burrowing Tortoises

Gopherus

Gopher Tortoise

Gopherus polyphemus

Daudin, 1802

Soft-shelled Turtles - Trionychidae

North American Soft-shelled Turtles

Apalone

Spiny Softshell

Apalone spinifera

LeSueur, 1827